Pressure Vessel Storage Tank

Pressure vessel tanks are equipment used to store gas, liquid, or gas-liquid mixtures, and are commonly used in industries such as industry, chemical industry, petroleum, and natural gas. They are designed to withstand high internal or external pressures to ensure safe storage and transportation. Here are some key points about pressure vessel tanks:

1. Classification
Classification by use:
Storage containers: used to store gas, liquid, or liquefied gas (such as liquefied natural gas LNG, liquefied petroleum gas LPG).
Reaction container: used for chemical reactions, such as reactors.
Separation container: used to separate mixtures, such as separators and filters.
Heat exchange container: used for heat exchange, such as heat exchangers and condensers.
Classification by pressure:
Low-pressure container: The pressure range is usually 0.1 MPa to 1.6 MPa.
Medium-pressure container: The pressure range is usually 1.6 MPa to 10 MPa.
High-pressure container: The pressure range is usually 10 MPa to 100 MPa.
Ultra-high-pressure container: The pressure exceeds 100 MPa.

2. Design standards
The design of pressure vessel tanks must comply with relevant national and international standards, such as:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard)
PED (European Union Pressure Equipment Directive)
GB 150 (Chinese Pressure Vessel Standard)
Factors to be considered during design include:
Working pressure, temperature, and medium characteristics.
Material selection (such as carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.)
Structural design (such as wall thickness, support structure, weld design, etc.)

3. Material selection
The material of the pressure vessel tank must have good strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. Common materials include:
Carbon steel: used for general low-pressure and medium-pressure vessels.
Stainless steel: used for corrosive media or high-temperature environments.
Alloy steel: used for high-pressure or low-temperature environments.
Composite materials: used for special applications, such as fiberglass tanks.

4. Safety measures
Safety valve: used to prevent excessive pressure and ensure that the container can release pressure when overpressure occurs.
Burst disc: In cases, the burst disc will rupture to release pressure.
Pressure gauge: used to monitor the pressure in the container in real-time.
Temperature monitoring: prevent the container from failing due to excessive temperature.
Regular inspection: including non-destructive testing (such as ultrasonic testing, and radiographic testing) and pressure testing to ensure the integrity of the container.

5. Application areas
Oil and gas: used to store crude oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, etc.
Chemical industry: used to store and react with various chemicals.
Food and beverage: used to store liquid food, beverages, etc.
Pharmaceutical industry: used to store and react pharmaceutical raw materials.
Energy industry: used to store compressed air, hydrogen, etc.

6. Maintenance and inspection
Pressure vessel tanks require regular maintenance and inspection to ensure their safe operation. Common maintenance measures include:
Regular cleaning: prevent corrosion and blockage.
Coating protection: prevent corrosion of the container by the external environment.
Non-destructive testing: regular ultrasonic, radiographic, and other tests to ensure that the container has no cracks or defects.

7. Common problems
Corrosion: Due to the influence of the medium or environment, the container may have corrosion problems.
Fatigue cracks: Long-term pressure changes may cause material fatigue and cracks.
Overpressure: Improper operation or failure of safety devices may cause overpressure in the container, causing danger.

8. Future development trends
Intelligence: With the development of Internet of Things technology, pressure vessel storage tanks will be increasingly equipped with sensors and monitoring systems to achieve real-time monitoring and early warning.
Lightweight: By using new materials and optimized design, the weight of the container is reduced, and transportation and installation costs are reduced.
Environmental protection: Develop more environmentally friendly materials and coatings to reduce the impact on the environment.
Pressure vessel storage tanks play an important role in modern industry. Their design, manufacture, and use must strictly comply with relevant standards and specifications to ensure safety and reliability.